a Add vectors end-to-end, component-wise, and by the parallelogram rule. Understand that the magnitude of a sum of two vectors is typically not the sum of the magnitudes.
b Given two vectors in magnitude and direction form, determine the magnitude and direction of their sum.
c Understand vector subtraction $\textbf{v} - \textbf{w}$ as $\textbf{v} + (-\textbf{w})$, where $-\textbf{w}$ is the additive inverse of $\textbf{w}$, with the same magnitude as $\textbf{w}$ and pointing in the opposite direction. Represent vector subtraction graphically by connecting the tips in the appropriate order, and perform vector subtraction component-wise.